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What underlying skill is most likely deficient in a child struggling with conversation according to an SLP's assessment?

  1. Turn-taking abilities and simple sentence structure

  2. Phonological memory span and joint attention

  3. Gestures and complex sentence structures

  4. Joint attention and following line of regard

The correct answer is: Joint attention and following line of regard

The underlying skill that is most likely deficient in a child struggling with conversation is joint attention and following line of regard. Joint attention refers to the shared focus of two individuals on an object or event, which is fundamental for developing conversational skills. It allows children to engage in social interactions, understand the perspective of others, and respond appropriately during communication. Following line of regard involves understanding where another person is looking and what they are focusing on, which is essential for effective reciprocal communication. When a child can’t maintain joint attention or follow the line of regard, it becomes challenging for them to participate in conversations, as they may not be able to pick up on cues, turn-taking opportunities, or the context of what others are discussing. This combination of skills lays the foundation for more complex conversational abilities. Consequently, addressing deficiencies in joint attention and following the line of regard can significantly impact a child's ability to engage in meaningful interactions with peers and adults, enhancing their overall conversational skills.